It can't be nice on the bearings, but the damage is likely already done. Especially as the engine obviously was running to break the pump!
I don't think it will be catastrophic to do the comp test.
It's alot of work removing and refitting the engine without a freshen up. I understand you only want to do do the minimum, and hopefully you can, it's just that a comp test won't tell you if the engine engine is smoky.
How about you do something real crazy and replace the pump with the engine still In the car. My theory is (it is early and I'm tired) you should be able to by just splitting the sump off and dropping the sump down a touch. Leaving everything else still connected. Sounds mental now that I wrote it , but I would still look into it.