The purpose of brakes is to slow the revolution of your wheels, and your tyres are connecting your wheels to the road surface. Once the link between wheel and road is broken (ie tyres lose traction) there is no force still turning the wheel so the brakes easily lock up. The better grip your tyres have on the road, the better your brakes ability to slow the wheel rotation. It helps explain why all us “crazy” people spend $1500 on a set of road tyres when you can pick up “cheapies” for $600
If you think about this principle you can see why ABS was invented. The sensors tell when the wheel stops turning and momentarily diverts braking pressure to avoid lockup and allow the wheel to still turn which helps maintain traction instead of skidding. (Very simple explanation but gives you the idea)
I hope this helps, but all this assumes your steering and suspension are set up correctly otherwise your “sticky tyres” will not get the chance to do their stuff anyway