You can get this sort of dysfunction with mild or non-existent spondylosis as functional changes account for the vast majority of symptoms. However, the likelihood of some spondylosis/degenerative change/osteoarthritic change/wear and tear is higher as we get older. Even with degenerative changes most symptoms start suddenly which tells you something else has changed more recently which triggers the symptoms.
Issues with the hand could be anything from elbow/wrist/hand issue right through to thoracic outlet syndrome to spinal nerve irritation.
Plain x-ray is the minimum.
Glucosamine has very little evidence for helping necks, although there is little harm in using it for helping articular cartilage generally (particularly knees).
I would be having a really good look at joint movement in the lower neck and improving this area (chiro, physio etc) and secondly the thoracic outlet, then the carpal tunnel, then wrist/elbow muscles. There is no chance anyone would be sticking cortisone in me until other conservative treatment was exhausted.